Arcuate foramen

Arcuate Foramen

The Arcuate Foramen (also known as Ponticulus Posticus or Kimmerle Anomaly) is a bony bridge that can be found on the posterior arch of the Atlas, the first cervical vertebra of the spinal column. This anatomical variant is present in approximately 8-15% of the general population and is more common in females.

Anatomy

The Arcuate Foramen forms when the posterior atlantooccipital membrane ossifies. This membrane extends from the posterior margin of the foramen magnum to the posterior arch of the atlas. The ossification can be partial or complete, forming a semi-circular or circular foramen respectively. The Vertebral artery and the Suboccipital nerve pass through this foramen.

Clinical Significance

The presence of an Arcuate Foramen is usually asymptomatic and discovered incidentally during radiographic examinations. However, in some cases, it can cause clinical symptoms such as Vertebral artery syndrome, Barre-Lieou syndrome, and Tinnitus. The Arcuate Foramen can also complicate certain surgical procedures involving the cervical spine.

Diagnosis

The Arcuate Foramen can be diagnosed using various imaging techniques such as X-ray, CT scan, and MRI. The foramen appears as a bony bridge over the groove for the vertebral artery on the posterior arch of the atlas.

Treatment

Treatment for symptoms related to the Arcuate Foramen is usually conservative, including physical therapy and medication. In severe cases, surgical intervention may be required.

See Also

• Atlas (anatomy)
• Vertebral artery
• Suboccipital nerve