Arnall Patz

American ophthalmologist

Arnall Patz (June 14, 1920 – March 11, 2010) was a pioneering American ophthalmologist known for his groundbreaking research in the field of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), a condition that can lead to blindness in premature infants. His work significantly contributed to the understanding and prevention of this disease, saving the sight of countless children.

Early life and education

Arnall Patz was born in Elberton, Georgia, and grew up in a family that valued education and service. He attended Emory University, where he completed his undergraduate studies. He then pursued a medical degree at the Emory University School of Medicine, graduating in 1945. During his time in medical school, Patz developed a keen interest in ophthalmology, which would shape his future career.

Career

After completing his medical degree, Patz served in the United States Army during World War II. Following his military service, he began his residency in ophthalmology at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri. It was during this time that he became interested in the causes of blindness in premature infants.

Research on retinopathy of prematurity

Patz with colleagues

In the early 1950s, Patz conducted a landmark study that identified the role of excessive oxygen therapy in the development of retinopathy of prematurity. At the time, it was common practice to administer high levels of oxygen to premature infants to assist with breathing. However, Patz hypothesized that this practice was contributing to the development of ROP.

Patz's research involved a controlled study that demonstrated a direct link between high oxygen levels and the incidence of ROP. His findings led to a change in medical practice, with hospitals reducing the amount of oxygen given to premature infants. This change resulted in a dramatic decrease in the number of cases of blindness due to ROP.

Academic and professional contributions

In 1955, Patz joined the faculty of the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, where he continued his research and teaching. He became a full professor in 1970 and later served as the director of the Wilmer Eye Institute from 1979 to 1989. Under his leadership, the institute became a leading center for ophthalmic research and education.

Patz was also involved in the development of new treatments for other eye diseases, including macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. His work in these areas further solidified his reputation as a leader in the field of ophthalmology.

Awards and honors

Arnall Patz received numerous awards and honors throughout his career. In 2004, he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian award in the United States, in recognition of his contributions to medicine and public health. He was also a recipient of the Lasker-DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award and the Helen Keller Prize for Vision Research.

Legacy

Arnall Patz's legacy lives on through the many lives he touched and the advancements he made in the field of ophthalmology. His work not only saved the sight of countless children but also paved the way for future research and innovation in eye care. The Arnall Patz Lecture, held annually at the Wilmer Eye Institute, continues to honor his contributions to the field.

Related pages

• Retinopathy of prematurity
• Ophthalmology
• Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine