Artificial cranial deformation

Artificial Cranial Deformation

Profile of a Kalchayan Prince with an elongated skull.

Artificial cranial deformation is a form of body modification in which the skull of a human being is intentionally deformed. This practice has been used by various cultures throughout history and involves the application of force to a child's skull to alter its shape. The process typically begins shortly after birth and continues for several years until the desired shape is achieved.

History

Artificial cranial deformation has been practiced by numerous cultures across the world, including the Huns, Alans, and various Native American tribes. The earliest known instances of cranial deformation date back to the Neolithic period.

In Central Asia, the practice was prevalent among the Huns and other nomadic tribes. The

Elongated skull from Afrasiab, 600-800 CE.

Huns, in particular, are known for their distinctive elongated skulls, which were achieved through the use of tightly bound cloths or wooden boards.

Methods

There are several methods of cranial deformation, including:

• Binding: This involves wrapping the head with cloth or using wooden boards to apply pressure.
• Compression: A method where the head is compressed between two boards.
• Annular: A technique that uses bands to create a circular deformation.

The choice of method often depended on cultural preferences and the desired shape of the skull.

Cultural Significance

Portrait of Khingila with an elongated skull.

The reasons for practicing artificial cranial deformation vary among cultures. In some societies, it was a mark of social status or beauty. In others, it was believed to have spiritual or religious significance. For example, in the Maya civilization, elongated skulls were associated with nobility and were considered a sign of intelligence and beauty.

Modern Perspectives

Today, artificial cranial deformation is largely a historical curiosity, though it continues to be studied by anthropologists and archaeologists. The practice provides valuable insights into the cultural practices and social structures of ancient societies.

Examples of Deformed Skulls

Depiction of Rostam with an elongated skull.

Numerous examples of artificially deformed skulls have been discovered in archaeological sites around the world. These skulls often exhibit a variety of shapes, from elongated to flattened, depending on the method used and the cultural context.

Related Pages

• Body modification
• Cultural anthropology
• Neolithic
• Huns

Elongated skull from an archaeological site.

Conclusion

Artificial cranial deformation is a fascinating aspect of human history that highlights the diversity of cultural practices across the globe. While the practice is no longer common, its legacy continues to intrigue researchers and historians.