Artificial kidney

Artificial Kidney

The artificial kidney is a bioengineered device designed to replicate the functions of the human kidney. It is primarily used in the treatment of renal failure, a condition where the kidneys are unable to adequately filter waste products from the blood.

History

The concept of the artificial kidney dates back to the early 20th century, with the first practical application of the technology occurring in the 1940s. The development of the artificial kidney has been driven by the need to treat chronic kidney disease and acute kidney injury, conditions that affect millions of people worldwide.

Function

The primary function of the artificial kidney is to perform hemodialysis, a process that removes waste products, excess fluids, and electrolytes from the blood. This is achieved through a semi-permeable membrane that allows certain substances to pass through while blocking others. The artificial kidney also helps to regulate blood pressure and the balance of acid and base in the body.

Types

There are two main types of artificial kidneys: the hemodialysis machine and the peritoneal dialysis machine. The hemodialysis machine is typically used in a clinical setting, while the peritoneal dialysis machine is designed for home use.

Future Developments

Research is currently underway to develop a wearable artificial kidney, which would allow patients to undergo dialysis while going about their daily activities. This would significantly improve the quality of life for individuals with kidney disease.

See Also

• Kidney transplantation
• Renal physiology
• Dialysis