Asiatic cholera

Asiatic cholera is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It is characterized by severe diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration. The disease is primarily spread through contaminated water and food.

History

The term "Asiatic cholera" was first used in the 19th century to describe a series of cholera pandemics that originated in Asia and spread to other parts of the world. The first of these pandemics began in Bengal in 1817 and spread across India by 1820. Subsequent pandemics in the 19th and 20th centuries led to millions of deaths worldwide.

Causes

Asiatic cholera is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, specifically the O1 and O139 serogroups. These bacteria produce a toxin that causes cells in the intestines to release large amounts of fluid, leading to diarrhea and dehydration.

Symptoms

The primary symptoms of Asiatic cholera are severe diarrhea and vomiting, which can lead to dehydration and, in severe cases, shock. Other symptoms can include rapid heart rate, loss of skin elasticity, dry mucous membranes, and low blood pressure.

Treatment

Treatment for Asiatic cholera primarily involves rehydration, either orally or intravenously, to replace lost fluids and electrolytes. Antibiotics may also be used to reduce the duration of diarrhea and the amount of bacteria in the feces, which can help prevent the spread of the disease.

Prevention

Prevention of Asiatic cholera involves improving sanitation and access to clean water, as well as vaccination. The World Health Organization recommends the use of oral cholera vaccines in areas where the disease is endemic and in areas at risk for outbreaks.

See also

• Cholera vaccine
• Pandemic
• Public health