Asoxime chloride

Asoxime chloride (also known as HI-6) is a oxime-based antidote used to treat nerve gas poisoning. It is one of the most effective antidotes for organophosphate poisoning, particularly when used in combination with atropine and pralidoxime.

Chemistry

Asoxime chloride is a member of the oxime family of compounds, which are characterized by the presence of a =N-OH group. It is a quaternary ammonium compound, meaning it carries a positive charge at all times. This makes it highly reactive and able to bind to and neutralize negatively charged molecules, such as the organophosphates found in nerve gas.

Mechanism of Action

The primary mechanism of action of asoxime chloride is the reactivation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), an enzyme that is essential for normal nerve function. Organophosphates inhibit AChE, leading to an accumulation of acetylcholine in the nerve synapse, which causes overstimulation and can lead to death. Asoxime chloride binds to the organophosphate molecule, removing it from AChE and allowing the enzyme to function normally again.

Medical Use

Asoxime chloride is used in the treatment of poisoning by organophosphates, which are found in nerve gas and some pesticides. It is typically administered intravenously, often in combination with other antidotes such as atropine and pralidoxime. Asoxime chloride is not effective against all types of organophosphates, and its use must be tailored to the specific poison involved.

Side Effects

Like all medications, asoxime chloride can cause side effects. These can include nausea, vomiting, headache, and dizziness. In rare cases, it can cause more serious side effects such as cardiac arrhythmias and hypertension.

See Also

• Atropine
• Pralidoxime
• Organophosphate poisoning
• Nerve gas