Atretic follicle

Atretic Follicle

An atretic follicle is a type of ovarian follicle that has ceased to grow and has begun to degenerate. This process, known as follicular atresia, is a normal part of the ovarian cycle and is crucial for maintaining the balance of follicles within the ovary.

Overview

The ovary contains numerous ovarian follicles, each of which has the potential to release an ovum during ovulation. However, not all follicles reach this stage. Many undergo atresia, a process of degeneration and reabsorption, at various stages of development. The follicles that undergo this process are referred to as atretic follicles.

Process of Atresia

Atresia begins when the granulosa cells that surround the developing ovum start to die. This triggers a cascade of events that leads to the collapse of the follicle's structure and its eventual reabsorption by the ovary. The exact triggers for atresia are not fully understood, but it is thought to involve a complex interplay of hormones, growth factors, and signaling molecules.

Role in the Ovarian Cycle

Atresia plays a crucial role in the ovarian cycle. It ensures that only a limited number of follicles reach maturity and ovulate, thereby preventing the ovary from being depleted of follicles. It also helps to maintain the balance of hormones within the body, as the degenerating follicles release their stored hormones into the bloodstream.

Clinical Significance

Abnormalities in the process of atresia can lead to a variety of reproductive disorders. For example, premature ovarian failure can occur if too many follicles undergo atresia, leading to early depletion of the ovarian reserve. Conversely, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) can occur if too few follicles undergo atresia, leading to an overabundance of immature follicles within the ovary.

See Also

• Ovarian follicle
• Follicular atresia
• Ovarian cycle
• Ovulation
• Granulosa cells
• Hormones
• Premature ovarian failure
• Polycystic ovary syndrome

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