Atta (ant)

Attacolombica01

Atta is a genus of New World ants of the subfamily Myrmicinae. They are known for their advanced social structure and are one of the few groups of animals that cultivate their own food. The genus is primarily found in South America, Central America, and parts of North America.

Description

Atta ants are commonly referred to as leafcutter ants due to their habit of cutting leaves and other plant material to cultivate fungus in their nests. The ants use the leaves to grow a specific type of fungus, which serves as their primary food source. The relationship between the ants and the fungus is a classic example of mutualism.

Species

The genus Atta includes several species, some of the most notable being:

• Atta cephalotes
• Atta sexdens
• Atta laevigata
• Atta colombica

Colony Structure

Atta colonies are highly organized and can contain millions of individuals. The colony is divided into different castes, each with specific roles:

• Queen: The reproductive female responsible for laying eggs.
• Workers: Non-reproductive females that perform various tasks such as foraging, tending to the fungus, and caring for the young.
• Soldiers: Larger ants that protect the colony from predators.

Fungus Cultivation

The primary food source for Atta ants is a specialized fungus that they cultivate in their nests. The ants cut leaves and other plant material, which they then chew into a pulp. This pulp is used as a substrate for the fungus to grow. The ants meticulously care for the fungus, removing any contaminants and ensuring optimal growing conditions.

Ecological Impact

Atta ants play a significant role in their ecosystems. They are important decomposers and help in nutrient cycling by breaking down plant material. However, they can also be agricultural pests, causing significant damage to crops.

Research and Studies

Atta ants have been the subject of extensive research due to their complex social structure and unique agricultural practices. Studies have focused on their behavior, communication, and the symbiotic relationship with their cultivated fungus.

See Also

• Leafcutter ant
• Myrmicinae
• Mutualism
• Ant colony