Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder predominantly inattentive

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Predominantly Inattentive (ADHD-PI or ADHD-I), formerly known as Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) without hyperactivity, is one of the three subtypes of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) as defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). It is characterized by symptoms of inattention (or easy distractibility) without the hyperactive and impulsive behavior seen in other types of ADHD.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

The primary symptoms of ADHD-PI include significant difficulties with attention, such as trouble focusing on tasks, following through on instructions, and organizing tasks. Unlike those with the more commonly known ADHD subtype that includes hyperactivity, individuals with ADHD-PI may appear to be shy or withdrawn. They may also be daydreamers or seem "lost in their own world."

Diagnosis of ADHD-PI follows the criteria outlined in the DSM-5, which requires the presence of six or more symptoms of inattention for children up to age 16, or five or more for adolescents 17 and older and adults. Symptoms should be present for at least 6 months to a degree that is inconsistent with developmental level and that negatively impacts directly on social and academic/occupational activities.

Treatment

Treatment for ADHD-PI often involves a combination of medication, psychotherapy, and behavioral strategies. Stimulant medications, while more commonly associated with the treatment of hyperactive ADHD, can also be effective for those with the inattentive subtype. Non-stimulant medications are also an option. Psychotherapy, particularly cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), can help individuals develop coping strategies and improve organizational skills. Behavioral strategies might include organizational aids, reminders, and changes in the environment to reduce distractions.

Epidemiology

ADHD-PI is one of the most common childhood disorders and can continue through adolescence and into adulthood. While the exact prevalence is difficult to determine due to changing diagnostic criteria and methods of assessment, it is believed that ADHD-PI is slightly less common than the combined type of ADHD but more common than the predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type.

Challenges and Considerations

Individuals with ADHD-PI often face unique challenges, particularly in educational settings. Their symptoms can lead to difficulties with academic achievement and underperformance relative to their intellectual potential. Socially, the inattentive nature of their condition can result in misunderstandings, as they may be perceived as uninterested or aloof.

See Also

• ADHD Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Type
• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
• Stimulant Medication