Autism Diagnostic Interview

Autism Diagnostic Interview (ADI), formally known as the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R), is a structured interview used for diagnosing Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), assessing its severity, and distinguishing it from other developmental disorders. Developed by Michael Rutter, Ann Le Couteur, and Catherine Lord, the ADI-R is considered a gold standard in autism diagnosis. It is primarily intended for use with children and adults with a mental age of at least 18 months.

Overview

The ADI-R is a comprehensive interview that covers the respondent's full developmental history, focusing on areas critical to diagnosing ASD. These areas include language and communication, reciprocal social interactions, and repetitive, restricted, and stereotyped behaviors and interests. The interview is typically conducted with the parents or primary caregivers of the individual being assessed and takes between 1.5 to 2.5 hours to complete.

Structure

The ADI-R consists of 93 items, divided into the following sections:

• Language/Communication
• Reciprocal Social Interactions
• Restricted, Repetitive, and Stereotyped Behaviors and Interests
• General Behaviors

Each item is scored on a scale, with higher scores indicating more severe symptoms of ASD. The scoring criteria are detailed and specific, which helps in making a differential diagnosis between ASD and other developmental disorders.

Usage

The ADI-R is used worldwide in clinical settings, research, and various diagnostic evaluations. It is a tool for both clinical diagnosis and categorizing autism for research purposes. Clinicians trained in the administration of the ADI-R can use the interview to gather detailed historical information that can be critical for making an accurate diagnosis.

Training

Proper administration of the ADI-R requires specific training. This training ensures that the interviewer can accurately interpret and score the responses according to the standardized criteria. Professionals who use the ADI-R typically include psychologists, psychiatrists, and other specialists in developmental disorders.

Reliability and Validity

The ADI-R has been subjected to extensive reliability and validity testing. It has shown high inter-rater reliability, test-retest reliability, and internal consistency. Its validity has been established through its ability to differentiate between ASD and other developmental disorders.

Limitations

While the ADI-R is a powerful tool for diagnosing ASD, it has some limitations. It is time-consuming to administer and requires significant training to use effectively. Additionally, its reliance on historical rather than current observations can be a limitation in some cases.

Conclusion

The Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised is a critical tool in the diagnosis and assessment of Autism Spectrum Disorder. Its structured approach and comprehensive coverage of developmental history make it an invaluable resource for clinicians and researchers alike.