Autonomic division

Autonomic Division

The autonomic division is a part of the peripheral nervous system that acts as a control system, functioning largely below the level of consciousness, and controls visceral functions. The autonomic nervous system affects heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, salivation, perspiration, pupillary dilation, micturition (urination), and sexual arousal. Whereas most of its actions are involuntary, some, such as breathing, work in tandem with the conscious mind.

Structure

The autonomic nervous system is divided into three parts: the sympathetic nervous system, the parasympathetic nervous system, and the enteric nervous system. The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions typically function in opposition to each other. But this is not an absolute rule, and they can also work together in some cases.

Function

The autonomic division is responsible for regulating the body's unconscious actions. The sympathetic division prepares the body for the "fight or flight" response during any potential danger. On the other hand, the parasympathetic division controls the body at rest and restores the body to a calm and composed state.

Clinical significance

Dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system can lead to profound health issues and can be life-threatening. Diseases such as Parkinson's disease, diabetes, and multiple sclerosis can significantly affect the autonomic division and disrupt normal bodily functions.

See also

• Nervous system
• Central nervous system
• Peripheral nervous system
• Sympathetic nervous system
• Parasympathetic nervous system
• Enteric nervous system