Aventail

DHM - Beckenhaube

Aventail or Camail refers to a flexible curtain of chain mail attached to the lower edge of a medieval helmet, such as a bascinet or kettle hat, designed to protect the neck, throat, and shoulders of a knight or soldier during combat. This piece of armour was particularly popular from the late 13th century to the early 15th century. The aventail was a development from the earlier mail coif, offering more comfort and less restriction of movement by being attached directly to the helmet rather than worn separately.

History and Design

The advent of the aventail marked a significant evolution in medieval warfare and knightly armour. As warfare tactics and weapons technology advanced, the need for improved protective gear became evident. The aventail addressed this by offering enhanced protection to vital areas that were previously vulnerable to slashing and thrusting attacks. It was typically made from interlinked rings of steel, known as chain mail, which provided a good balance between flexibility and defense, allowing the wearer to retain a high degree of mobility.

Initially, aventails were attached to helmets using a system of leather straps or vervels (small metal loops). However, as the design evolved, a more sophisticated method of attachment was developed using a mail standard, which allowed for a more secure and adjustable fit. This was particularly important in the heat of battle, where the risk of armour dislodging could be fatal.

Variations

Throughout its use, the aventail saw various modifications and regional variations. In the Islamic world, for example, aventails were often longer and included protection for the upper chest and back. In Europe, the design of the aventail varied slightly between different countries and periods, reflecting the ongoing arms race between offensive weapons and defensive armour.

Decline and Legacy

The decline of the aventail began in the 15th century with the advent of plate armour. As full suits of plate became more common, the need for chain mail diminished. The aventail was gradually replaced by the gorget and bevor, pieces of plate armour designed to protect the neck and throat. Despite this, the aventail remains an iconic element of medieval armour, symbolizing the transition from the early medieval period, dominated by chain mail, to the late medieval period, characterized by the rise of plate armour.

In Popular Culture

The aventail has maintained a presence in popular culture, often featured in films, television shows, and video games that depict medieval warfare. Its distinctive appearance and practical design continue to capture the imagination of audiences, serving as a reminder of the ingenuity of medieval armourers.