Avoidant personality

Avoidant Personality Disorder (APD) is a personality disorder characterized by a pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation. The disorder is included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), published by the American Psychiatric Association.

Symptoms

People with avoidant personality disorder often exhibit a pattern of avoiding social interactions due to fear of criticism or rejection. They may also have a strong desire for social intimacy, but their anxiety and fear of rejection make it difficult for them to form close relationships. Other symptoms may include self-imposed social isolation, feelings of inadequacy, and a preoccupation with being criticized or rejected in social situations.

Causes

The exact cause of avoidant personality disorder is unknown, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic, social, and psychological factors. Some research suggests that it may be linked to certain inherited traits, while others believe it may be the result of experiences in early childhood, such as neglect or emotional abuse.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of avoidant personality disorder is typically made by a mental health professional, such as a psychiatrist or psychologist, based on a thorough clinical interview and a detailed examination of the person's symptoms and personal history. The DSM-5 provides specific criteria for the diagnosis, which includes a persistent pattern of avoidance of social interactions, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation.

Treatment

Treatment for avoidant personality disorder typically involves psychotherapy, specifically cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). CBT can help individuals with this disorder to identify and change thought patterns that lead to avoidance and fear. In some cases, medication may also be used to help manage symptoms, particularly if the person also suffers from a co-occurring disorder such as depression or anxiety.

See also

• Personality disorders
• Social anxiety disorder
• Cognitive-behavioral therapy