Axillary fascia
Axillary Fascia is a layer of deep fascia in the human body, specifically located in the armpit or axilla. It is a thin, fibrous sheet of connective tissue that encapsulates the axillary region, providing structural support and protection to the underlying muscles and nerves.
Etymology[edit | edit source]
The term "Axillary Fascia" is derived from the Latin word "Axilla" meaning armpit, and the Latin word "Fascia" meaning band or bandage.
Anatomy[edit | edit source]
The Axillary Fascia is a continuation of the pectoral fascia, extending from the lateral edge of the first rib to the humerus. It forms the floor of the axilla and is attached to the surrounding muscles, including the pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, and subscapularis.
The Axillary Fascia is pierced by several important structures, including the axillary artery and vein, the brachial plexus, and the lymph nodes of the axilla.
Function[edit | edit source]
The primary function of the Axillary Fascia is to provide structural support and protection to the axillary region. It helps to maintain the position of the axillary artery and vein, the brachial plexus, and the lymph nodes, preventing them from being compressed or displaced during movement of the arm.
Clinical Significance[edit | edit source]
In clinical practice, the Axillary Fascia is an important landmark for several surgical procedures, including axillary lymph node dissection and brachial plexus block. It is also involved in several pathological conditions, such as axillary web syndrome and lymphedema following breast cancer surgery.
Related Terms[edit | edit source]
- Fascia: A band or sheet of connective tissue that envelops, separates, or binds together muscles and organs.
- Axilla: The armpit or the cavity beneath the junction of the arm and body.
- Pectoral Fascia: A layer of fascia that covers the pectoralis major muscle.
- Latissimus Dorsi: A large, flat muscle on the back that stretches to the sides, behind the arm, and is partly covered by the trapezius on the back near the midline.
- Subscapularis: A muscle that is part of the rotator cuff, which is a group of muscles and tendons that stabilize the shoulder.
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
