Axis axis

Axis axis, commonly known as the Chital or Spotted Deer, is a species of deer that is native to the Indian subcontinent. It is one of the most common species of deer found in India and extends into Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka. The chital is characterized by its beautiful golden-brown coat dotted with white spots, which helps it blend into the forest and grassland habitats where it resides.

Description

The Axis axis stands out for its distinctive coat pattern, with adult males sporting large, branching antlers that are shed and regrown annually. These deer have a body length ranging from 90 to 140 cm (35 to 55 in), a shoulder height of 65 to 90 cm (25 to 35 in), and weigh between 70 to 100 kg (150 to 220 lb). The males are generally larger and more robust than the females.

Habitat and Distribution

The Chital prefers areas with dense vegetation and proximity to water sources. It thrives in a variety of habitats, including forests, grasslands, and even areas that have been somewhat modified by humans, provided there is sufficient cover and food. While primarily found in India, their range extends to other parts of the subcontinent, adapting to both dry and moist deciduous forests, as well as semi-evergreen and evergreen forests.

Behavior

Axis axis is a highly social species, often found in large herds that can number up to a hundred individuals, though smaller groups are more common. These herds are usually composed of females and their young, with males forming separate bachelor groups or living solitarily. The chital is primarily diurnal, with peaks of activity during the dawn and dusk. Their diet consists mainly of grasses, leaves, and fruits.

Reproduction

The breeding season of the chital varies geographically, but it generally peaks during the cooler months. After a gestation period of about 210 to 240 days, a female gives birth to one or two fawns. The young are weaned at around six months of age but may stay with their mother for up to two years.

Conservation Status

The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has classified the Axis axis as Least Concern due to its wide distribution and large populations, particularly in protected areas. However, outside these areas, they face threats from habitat loss, poaching, and predation by domestic and feral dogs.

Cultural Significance

The chital holds a place of importance in the culture and folklore of the Indian subcontinent. It is often featured in the arts and literature, symbolizing beauty and the lushness of nature.