B-cell

B-cell

B-cells, also known as B lymphocytes, are a type of white blood cell that plays a significant role in the immune system by producing antibodies. These cells are essential for humoral immunity, the aspect of immunity that is mediated by secreted antibodies.

Origin and Development

B-cells originate from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the bone marrow. They undergo a series of differentiation and maturation stages in the bone marrow, becoming fully mature B-cells when they express a unique B-cell receptor (BCR) on their surface.

Function

The primary function of B-cells is to produce antibodies against antigens. When a B-cell encounters its specific antigen, it binds to the antigen through its BCR. This binding triggers the B-cell to proliferate and differentiate into plasma cells, which produce and secrete large amounts of the specific antibody.

B-cells also play a role in the presentation of antigens and the activation of T-cells. Some B-cells can internalize, process, and present antigens to T-cells, providing a vital link between the humoral and cell-mediated immune responses.

B-cell Subtypes

There are several subtypes of B-cells, including naive B-cells, memory B-cells, and regulatory B-cells. Each subtype has a unique role in the immune response.

Clinical Significance

B-cells are implicated in several diseases, including autoimmune diseases, lymphomas, and leukemias. Understanding the biology of B-cells is crucial for the development of therapies for these diseases.

See Also

• T-cell
• Immune system
• Antibody
• Antigen