Bad cholesterol

Bad cholesterol, also known as low-density lipoprotein (LDL), is a type of lipoprotein that carries cholesterol in the blood. It is often referred to as "bad" cholesterol because high levels of LDL can lead to cardiovascular disease, including heart attack and stroke.

Overview

LDL is one of the five major groups of lipoproteins, which, in order of sizes, largest to smallest, are chylomicrons, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL), LDL, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). LDL particles transport cholesterol and fats (triglycerides) from the liver to the tissues of the body.

Health Risks

High levels of LDL cholesterol can lead to atherosclerosis, a condition where cholesterol and other substances build up on the inner walls of the arteries. This buildup, known as plaque, can narrow the arteries and limit blood flow to the heart, brain, and other parts of the body. If a clot forms and blocks a narrowed artery, a heart attack or stroke can occur.

Prevention and Treatment

Lifestyle changes such as a healthy diet, regular exercise, and quitting smoking can help lower LDL cholesterol levels. Medications such as statins, bile acid sequestrants, cholesterol absorption inhibitors, and PCSK9 inhibitors can also be used to lower LDL cholesterol levels.

See Also

• Cholesterol
• High-density lipoprotein
• Atherosclerosis
• Heart attack
• Stroke