Balsam fir

Balsam Fir (Abies balsamea) is a North American fir, native to most of eastern and central Canada and the northeastern United States. It is commonly known as the balsam fir, eastern fir, Canadian balsam, or blister fir.

Description

The balsam fir is a medium-sized evergreen tree typically 14–20 metres (46–66 ft) tall, occasionally reaching a height of 27 metres (89 ft). The narrow conic crown consists of dense, dark-green leaves. The bark on young trees is smooth, grey, and with resin-filled blisters, becoming rough and fissured or scaly on old trees.

Distribution and habitat

The balsam fir is native to North America, found in the northeastern regions of the United States and throughout eastern and central Canada. It is typically found in cool climates, preferring a humid continental climate. The tree is commonly found in the Appalachian Mountains, and is associated with many forest types including the eastern spruce-fir forest, the northern hardwood forest, and the aspen-birch forest.

Uses

Balsam fir is a popular choice for Christmas trees due to its pleasant scent and attractive shape. The wood is also used for pulp and light frame buildings. Its resin is used to produce Canada balsam, and was traditionally used as a cold remedy and adhesive.

Ecology

The balsam fir is an important food source for moose, American red squirrels, crossbills and chickadees, as well as shelter for moose, snowshoe hares, white-tailed deer, and ruffed grouse. It is also used as a host plant by the balsam woolly adelgid, an insect pest.

Conservation

While not currently listed as threatened or endangered, the balsam fir's range has been significantly reduced by logging, land conversion, and pest outbreaks.

See also

• List of Abies species
• Christmas tree cultivation