Barbegal aqueduct and mills

Barbegal aqueduct 01

Barbegal Aqueduct and Mills is an ancient Roman watermill complex located on the territory of the commune of Fontvieille, near Arles, in southern France. The complex is considered one of the earliest known industrial complexes in history and represents a significant example of the technological advancement and engineering prowess of the Roman Empire. The Barbegal aqueduct and mills are thought to have been constructed in the 2nd century AD and were used to grind flour for the city of Arles and possibly for the supply of ships engaged in trade and military operations in the Mediterranean.

History

The Barbegal mills were an exceptional feat of engineering, consisting of 16 water wheels arranged in two parallel sets of eight, forming a cascading sequence powered by the water from the Aqueduct of Arles. This aqueduct was a branch of the main Roman aqueduct that brought water from the Alpilles mountain chain to the city of Arles. The water was directed to the mills from a higher elevation, utilizing the natural slope of the landscape to generate the power needed to turn the millstones.

Architecture and Function

The architecture of the Barbegal aqueduct and mills is notable for its complexity and efficiency. The water from the aqueduct was channeled into a steeply descending set of channels, driving the water wheels that were connected to the millstones. The mills are believed to have been capable of producing enough flour to supply bread for as many as 10,000 to 12,000 people a day, which was a significant portion of the population of Arles and its surrounding areas during Roman times.

Archaeological Significance

The site of the Barbegal aqueduct and mills was rediscovered in the 18th century, but it was not until the 20th century that extensive archaeological excavations were conducted. These excavations have provided valuable insights into Roman engineering and industrial milling operations. The Barbegal complex is considered a masterpiece of ancient engineering and is an important archaeological site for the study of Roman technology.

Conservation and Legacy

Today, the Barbegal aqueduct and mills are recognized as an important cultural heritage site. Efforts have been made to preserve the ruins and to make them accessible to the public as a historical and educational resource. The site illustrates the ingenuity and technological capabilities of the Roman Empire and its ability to harness natural resources for industrial purposes.

See Also

• Roman engineering
• Watermill
• Industrial archaeology