Watermill

Watermill is a type of mill that uses hydropower to drive a mechanical process such as milling (grinding), rolling, or hammering. Such processes are needed in the production of many material goods, including flour, lumber, paper, textiles, and many metal products.

History

The earliest evidence of a water-driven wheel is probably the Perachora wheel, in Greece. The earliest written reference to a watermill dates to about 85 BC in the Ancient Rome.

Types of watermills

Watermills can be divided into two types, the horizontal watermill and the vertical watermill. Horizontal mills, also called Greek mills, use a horizontal wheel to grind or cut. Vertical mills, also known as Roman mills, use a vertical wheel and have a larger structure.

Operation

Watermills operate by redirecting a flow of water to turn a wheel. The water's force moves the mill's gears and machinery, which can then be used to grind grain, cut lumber, or perform other tasks. The water is usually redirected from a river or stream using a dam or mill pond.

Modern uses

While watermills are less common in modern times, some still exist and are used for similar purposes. Some have been converted into museums or historic sites, while others are still used in rural areas for grinding grain.

See also

• Windmill
• Tide mill
• List of watermills

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