Barnes Foundation

Barnes Foundation is a renowned art collection and educational institution located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. Established by Albert C. Barnes in 1922, the foundation houses one of the world's largest collections of Impressionist, Post-Impressionist, and early Modern art, including works by Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Paul Cézanne, Henri Matisse, Pablo Picasso, Henri Rousseau, Amedeo Modigliani, Claude Monet, and Vincent van Gogh, among others.

History

The Barnes Foundation was established to promote the advancement of education and the appreciation of the fine arts. Albert C. Barnes, a chemist who amassed a fortune by co-developing the antiseptic drug Argyrol, began collecting art in the early 20th century. With the advice of the painter William Glackens, Barnes focused on acquiring works by leading European artists of the time. Over the decades, the collection grew to include over 4,000 items, including paintings, objects of metalwork, jewelry, ceramics, and textiles.

Originally located in Merion, Pennsylvania, the Barnes Foundation's collection was moved to a new building on the Benjamin Franklin Parkway in Philadelphia in 2012, despite controversy and legal challenges related to Barnes's will, which had stipulated that the collection should never be moved. The new facility was designed to replicate the original display as closely as possible, adhering to Barnes's specific arrangements of the artworks.

Collection

The Barnes Foundation's collection is notable not only for the quality and breadth of its holdings but also for the unique manner in which the art is displayed. Barnes arranged the works in "ensembles," eclectic groupings that encourage viewers to make connections between different historical periods, geographic regions, and styles. This unconventional approach reflects Barnes's educational goals and his belief in the universal language of art.

Among the highlights of the collection are 181 paintings by Renoir, 69 by Cézanne, 59 by Matisse, and 46 by Picasso, making it one of the most impressive collections of French modern art in the world. The foundation also holds a significant number of works by American artists, including Charles Demuth, William Glackens, and Horace Pippin, as well as African sculptures, ancient Egyptian art, Greek antiquities, and medieval manuscripts.

Educational Programs

The Barnes Foundation offers a wide range of educational programs, including classes, workshops, lectures, and public tours, aimed at enhancing the public's understanding and appreciation of art. The foundation's programs are based on Albert Barnes's educational philosophy, which emphasizes direct engagement with art as a means to stimulate critical thinking and personal growth.

Controversy

The decision to move the Barnes Foundation's collection from its original location in Merion to Philadelphia was met with significant opposition. Critics argued that the move violated Barnes's will and the foundation's mission, fearing that it would commercialize the collection and strip it of its unique educational value. Supporters of the move, however, contended that it was necessary to ensure the foundation's financial stability and to make the collection more accessible to the public.

Legacy

Today, the Barnes Foundation stands as a testament to Albert C. Barnes's vision of making art accessible to the broadest possible audience and using it as a tool for education. Its collection and the innovative way in which it is presented continue to challenge and inspire visitors from around the world.