Battery cage

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Battery-farm

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Chicken coopbattery cages in the 1950s

[[File:56.000_kippen_leggen_40.000_eieren_per_dag.ogv|56.000 kippen leggen 40.000 eieren per dag.ogv

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Indiapoultry

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Animal Abuse Battery Cage 01

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Animal Abuse Battery Cage 02

Battery cage is a housing system used for various animal husbandry practices, but most prominently for egg-laying hens. The system involves placing hens in small, wire cages with limited space, restricting the movements of the animals. This method of poultry farming has been a subject of controversy due to concerns over animal welfare and environmental sustainability.

History

The concept of the battery cage originated in the early 20th century as part of the intensification of agricultural practices. It was designed to maximize space and increase egg production, allowing for a higher density of hens per unit area than traditional free-range systems. Over the decades, the use of battery cages spread globally, becoming a standard practice in the poultry industry.

Design and Structure

A typical battery cage is constructed from wire mesh with a sloped floor to allow eggs to roll onto a conveyor belt for easy collection. Cages are usually arranged in long rows and stacked in tiers. Each cage houses multiple hens, often giving each bird less space than an A4 sheet of paper. This design significantly restricts the hens' ability to exhibit natural behaviors such as wing-flapping, dust-bathing, and foraging.

Controversies and Animal Welfare

The use of battery cages has been criticized by animal welfare organizations and the public. The main concerns include the lack of space for hens to move freely, leading to physical and psychological stress. The inability to perform natural behaviors can result in health issues such as osteoporosis and feather pecking. In response to these concerns, some countries have implemented regulations to improve the living conditions of hens, including banning the use of battery cages or mandating larger, enriched cages that allow for some natural behaviors.

Environmental Impact

Battery cage systems also have significant environmental impacts. High concentrations of hens produce large amounts of waste, which can lead to air and water pollution if not properly managed. Additionally, the reliance on industrial farming practices contributes to the depletion of natural resources and increased greenhouse gas emissions.

Alternatives

In response to the criticisms of battery cages, alternative systems have been developed, such as free-range farming, barn systems, and enriched cages. These systems aim to improve animal welfare by providing more space and opportunities for natural behaviors. However, they may also require more land and resources, leading to higher costs for producers and consumers.

Regulations and Future Trends

The use of battery cages is regulated differently around the world. The European Union banned conventional battery cages in 2012, requiring farmers to use enriched cages or alternative systems. Other countries have also adopted or are considering similar regulations. There is a growing trend towards more humane and sustainable farming practices, driven by consumer demand for ethically produced eggs and concerns over animal welfare and environmental sustainability.