Benapenem

A carbapenem antibiotic

Benapenem
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Benapenem is a carbapenem antibiotic that belongs to the class of beta-lactam antibiotics. It is known for its broad-spectrum activity against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Benapenem is particularly effective against bacteria that produce beta-lactamase enzymes, which are responsible for antibiotic resistance.

Mechanism of Action

Benapenem works by inhibiting the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. It binds to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, which are essential for the cross-linking of the peptidoglycan layer. This inhibition leads to the weakening of the cell wall and eventually causes cell lysis and death of the bacteria.

Pharmacokinetics

Benapenem is administered intravenously due to its poor absorption when taken orally. Once in the bloodstream, it is distributed widely throughout the body, reaching therapeutic concentrations in various tissues and fluids. The drug is primarily excreted by the kidneys, and its half-life allows for dosing every 8 to 12 hours, depending on the severity of the infection and the patient's renal function.

Clinical Uses

Benapenem is used to treat a variety of infections, including:

• Complicated urinary tract infections
• Intra-abdominal infections
• Skin and soft tissue infections
• Respiratory tract infections

It is often reserved for severe infections caused by multi-drug resistant organisms or when other antibiotics are ineffective.

Side Effects

Common side effects of Benapenem include:

• Nausea
• Diarrhea
• Rash
• Headache

Serious side effects, although rare, can include:

• Seizures
• Anaphylaxis
• Clostridioides difficile infection

Resistance

Resistance to Benapenem can occur through several mechanisms, including the production of carbapenemase enzymes, alterations in PBPs, and changes in porin channels that reduce drug uptake. Monitoring for resistance patterns is crucial in clinical settings to ensure the effective use of Benapenem.

Related Pages

• Antibiotic resistance
• Beta-lactam antibiotics
• Carbapenem
• Penicillin-binding protein