Benign positional vertigo

Benign positional vertigo (BPV), also known as benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), is a disorder stemming from the inner ear that causes vertigo. It is one of the most common types of vertigo.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of benign positional vertigo is a sensation of spinning or dizziness, often triggered by changes in the position of the head. Other symptoms may include loss of balance, unsteadiness, nausea, and vomiting.

Causes

Benign positional vertigo is caused by changes in the position of tiny calcium particles in the inner ear. These particles can clump together and interfere with the ear's ability to sense head movements, leading to feelings of dizziness or vertigo.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of benign positional vertigo typically involves a physical examination and a review of the patient's medical history. The Dix-Hallpike test is commonly used to diagnose BPPV.

Treatment

Treatment for benign positional vertigo often involves maneuvers designed to move the calcium deposits out of the canal so they can be absorbed by the body. The most common of these is the Epley maneuver. Medications may also be used to relieve symptoms.

Prognosis

With treatment, most people with benign positional vertigo are able to manage their symptoms and lead normal lives. However, the condition can recur, and ongoing management may be necessary.

See also

• Vertigo
• Dizziness
• Inner ear
• Dix-Hallpike test
• Epley maneuver