Benzalconium chloride

Benzalconium chloride

Benzalconium chloride (BAC) is a type of antiseptic commonly used in pharmaceutical products. It is a quaternary ammonium compound (Quat), which is a subgroup of surfactants. BAC is known for its wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi, and some viruses. It is often used in ophthalmology, dermatology, and other medical fields.

Chemistry

Benzalconium chloride is a mixture of alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chlorides of various even-numbered alkyl chains. The term "benzalconium" refers to a specific range of alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chloride homologs, typically C12–C18. The most common form of BAC is a white or yellowish powder that is highly soluble in water.

Uses

Benzalconium chloride is widely used in the formulation of disinfectants, antiseptic creams, and sanitizers. It is also used in the pharmaceutical industry as a preservative in eye drops, nasal sprays, and inhalers. In addition, BAC is used in the cosmetic industry in products such as shampoos and hand washes.

Safety

While benzalconium chloride is generally considered safe for topical use, it can cause skin irritation in some individuals. It is also toxic if ingested or inhaled, and can cause serious eye damage. Therefore, products containing BAC should be used with caution.

See also

• Antiseptic
• Disinfectant
• Quaternary ammonium compound