Black lung

Black lung, also known as coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP), is a occupational lung disease caused by long-term exposure to coal dust. It is common among coal miners and others who work with coal. It is similar to both silicosis from inhaling silica dust and to the long-term effects of tobacco smoking. Inhaled coal dust progressively builds up in the lungs and cannot be removed by the body; this leads to inflammation, fibrosis, and in worse cases, necrosis.

Causes

The primary cause of black lung is exposure to coal dust. This dust, microscopic and consisting of carbon, silica, and quartz, is released during the mining process and is inhaled by miners. Over time, the dust accumulates in the lungs, leading to the development of the disease.

Symptoms

The symptoms of black lung can take years to develop, with the severity of symptoms correlating to the amount and length of exposure to the coal dust. Early symptoms include shortness of breath, coughing, and production of black sputum. As the disease progresses, these symptoms may become more severe and other symptoms such as weight loss, chest pain, and respiratory failure may occur.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of black lung is typically made through a combination of patient history, physical examination, and imaging studies. A history of exposure to coal dust, along with the presence of symptoms, can suggest the diagnosis. Chest X-ray and computed tomography (CT) scans can show the characteristic nodular lesions in the lungs.

Treatment

There is no cure for black lung, so treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and preventing further complications. This may include bronchodilators to improve breathing, pulmonary rehabilitation, and oxygen therapy in severe cases. In some cases, lung transplantation may be considered.

Prevention

Prevention of black lung involves controlling dust exposure in coal mines. This can be achieved through proper ventilation, use of personal protective equipment such as respirators, and regular health surveillance of miners.

See also

• Occupational safety and health
• Pneumoconiosis
• Silicosis

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