Black nail

Black Nail is a condition characterized by the discoloration of the nail plate, often due to underlying health issues or trauma. The nail plate is the hard, translucent part of the nail that is composed of keratin, a protein found in the skin and hair.

Causes

Black nail can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

• Trauma: This is the most common cause of black nail. Trauma can result from a heavy object falling on the nail, stubbing the toe, or repetitive pressure from running or walking. This can cause a subungual hematoma, which is a collection of blood under the nail, leading to its black appearance.

• Fungal infections: Certain types of fungi can infect the nail, causing it to turn black. This is often accompanied by other symptoms such as thickening or crumbling of the nail.

• Melanoma: This is a serious form of skin cancer that can also affect the nail. Melanoma of the nail, also known as subungual melanoma, is rare but can cause the nail to turn black.

• Health conditions: Certain health conditions, such as diabetes, kidney disease, or heart disease, can cause black nail.

Treatment

Treatment for black nail depends on the underlying cause. If the black nail is due to trauma, it often heals on its own as the nail grows out. In the case of a subungual hematoma, a doctor may need to drain the blood from under the nail.

If the black nail is caused by a fungal infection, antifungal medication may be prescribed. In severe cases, the nail may need to be removed to allow a new, healthy nail to grow in its place.

If melanoma is the cause, treatment may involve surgery to remove the cancerous tissue, as well as additional treatments such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy.

Prevention

Preventing black nail involves taking care of your nails and overall health. This includes wearing properly fitting shoes, using protective gear when participating in sports or physical activities, and maintaining good hygiene to prevent fungal infections. Regular check-ups can also help detect any underlying health conditions that may lead to black nail.

Resources

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Source: Data courtesy of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. Since the data might have changed, please query MeSH on Black nail for any updates.

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