Bombay Presidency

Bombay Presidency

The Bombay Presidency, also known as the Bombay Province, was a former administrative division of British India. It was one of the three Presidencies of British India, the others being the Bengal Presidency and the Madras Presidency. The Bombay Presidency was established in the 17th century and existed until the mid-20th century, playing a significant role in the colonial administration of India.

History

The origins of the Bombay Presidency can be traced back to the early 17th century when the British East India Company established a trading post in the area. In 1661, the islands of Bombay were given to the British as part of the dowry of Catherine of Braganza when she married Charles II of England. The British East India Company took control of the islands in 1668, and Bombay became an important trading center.

In 1687, the Company moved its headquarters from Surat to Bombay, and the city began to grow rapidly. By the early 19th century, the Bombay Presidency had expanded to include large parts of western India, including the present-day states of Maharashtra, Gujarat, and parts of Karnataka.

Administration

The Bombay Presidency was governed by a Governor, who was appointed by the British Crown. The Governor was assisted by a council, and the administration was divided into several districts, each headed by a Collector. The Presidency had its own army, known as the Bombay Army, which was part of the British Indian Army.

The capital of the Presidency was Bombay, which was also the largest city and the main port. The city became a major center for trade, commerce, and industry, and played a crucial role in the economic development of the region.

Economy

The economy of the Bombay Presidency was primarily based on agriculture, with cotton being the main cash crop. The region also had significant textile and manufacturing industries, particularly in Bombay. The development of the railway network in the 19th century further boosted trade and commerce in the Presidency.

The Presidency was also known for its rich natural resources, including coal, iron ore, and manganese. These resources were exploited by the British for industrial purposes, contributing to the economic growth of the region.

Education and Society

The Bombay Presidency was a center of education and social reform during the British period. The University of Bombay was established in 1857, and it became one of the leading educational institutions in India. The Presidency was also home to several prominent social reformers, such as Jyotirao Phule and B. R. Ambedkar, who worked towards the upliftment of marginalized communities.

Legacy

The Bombay Presidency played a significant role in the history of British India, and its legacy can still be seen in the modern states of Maharashtra and Gujarat. The city of Bombay, now known as Mumbai, remains one of the largest and most important cities in India.

See also

• British Raj
• History of Mumbai
• Presidencies and provinces of British India