Borno State

Borno State

Country	Nigeria
Population (2006)	5,860,183

Borno State is one of the 36 states of Nigeria, located in the northeastern part of the country. It was created in 1976 from the northeastern part of the former North-Eastern State. The state capital is Maiduguri, which is also the largest city in the state.

Geography

Borno State is bordered by Yobe State to the west, Gombe State to the southwest, and Adamawa State to the south. It also shares international borders with the Republic of Niger to the north, the Republic of Chad to the northeast, and the Republic of Cameroon to the east. The state covers an area of approximately 70,000 square kilometers, making it one of the largest states in Nigeria by land area.

The geography of Borno State is characterized by the Chad Basin, which is a significant geographical feature in the region. The state has a semi-arid climate, with a distinct wet and dry season. The Sambisa Forest, a large forest reserve, is located in the southern part of the state.

History

Borno State has a rich historical background, being part of the ancient Kanem-Bornu Empire, which was one of the longest-lasting empires in African history. The empire was known for its trade routes and cultural exchanges across the Sahara Desert.

In the 19th century, the region came under the influence of the Sokoto Caliphate, and later, during the colonial period, it became part of the British Northern Nigeria Protectorate. Borno State was officially created in 1976 when the North-Eastern State was divided into Borno, Bauchi, and Gongola States.

Demographics

The population of Borno State is predominantly composed of the Kanuri ethnic group, along with other groups such as the Shuwa Arabs, Hausa, and Fulani. The state is predominantly Muslim, with Islam being the major religion practiced by the inhabitants.

The 2006 census recorded a population of approximately 5.86 million people, but recent estimates suggest that the population has grown significantly since then.

Economy

The economy of Borno State is primarily based on agriculture, with the majority of the population engaged in farming and livestock rearing. Major crops include millet, sorghum, maize, and rice. The state is also known for its livestock, particularly cattle, sheep, and goats.

In recent years, the state has faced significant challenges due to the Boko Haram insurgency, which has affected economic activities and led to displacement of people. Efforts are ongoing to restore peace and rebuild the economy.

Education

Borno State has several educational institutions, including the University of Maiduguri, which is one of the major universities in Nigeria. The state government is committed to improving educational infrastructure and access to education, despite the challenges posed by insecurity.

Also see

• Maiduguri
• Kanem-Bornu Empire
• Boko Haram insurgency
• Sambisa Forest
• University of Maiduguri

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