Boston keratoprosthesis

Boston Keratoprosthesis (KPro) is a type of corneal prosthesis that is surgically implanted in the eye to restore vision in patients with severe corneal diseases or injuries that cannot be treated with traditional corneal transplantation. Developed at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary in Boston, this device represents a significant advancement in the field of ophthalmology and offers hope to individuals with conditions such as corneal opacity, severe ocular surface disease, and those who have experienced multiple failed corneal transplants.

Overview

The Boston Keratoprosthesis consists of a clear, plastic, central optic that is surrounded by a titanium back plate. The device is designed to replace the damaged or diseased cornea and is anchored in place through a donor corneal graft. The central optic part allows light to enter the eye, enabling the patient to see. The procedure to implant the Boston KPro is complex and requires a skilled ophthalmic surgeon. Post-operative care is critical and includes the use of antibiotic eye drops to prevent infection and anti-inflammatory eye drops to reduce the risk of rejection.

Indications

The Boston Keratoprosthesis is indicated for patients with severe corneal diseases or injuries that have not responded to traditional treatments or corneal transplants. These conditions include, but are not limited to:

• Corneal opacity due to various causes such as scarring from infections or injuries
• Severe ocular surface disease including Stevens-Johnson syndrome and ocular cicatricial pemphigoid
• Multiple failed corneal transplants
• Conditions where conventional corneal transplantation is unlikely to succeed due to high risk of rejection or failure

Procedure

The implantation of a Boston Keratoprosthesis is performed under general anesthesia and involves several steps: 1. Removal of the diseased or scarred corneal tissue 2. Preparation of a donor corneal graft 3. Assembly of the Boston KPro device with the donor graft 4. Placement of the assembled device into the patient's eye 5. Suturing of the donor graft to secure the device in place

Following surgery, patients are closely monitored, and the post-operative regimen includes lifelong use of antibiotic and anti-inflammatory eye drops to maintain the health of the eye and prevent complications.

Complications

As with any surgical procedure, there are risks associated with the implantation of a Boston Keratoprosthesis. Potential complications include:

• Infection
• Glaucoma
• Retinal detachment
• Device extrusion or dislocation
• Persistent inflammation

Outcomes

The visual outcomes following Boston Keratoprosthesis implantation can be significant, with many patients achieving substantial improvements in vision. However, the success of the procedure depends on various factors including the underlying condition being treated, the patient's adherence to post-operative care, and the management of any complications that may arise.

Conclusion

The Boston Keratoprosthesis offers a valuable option for patients with severe corneal diseases or injuries, providing a chance for improved vision where traditional corneal transplantation is not feasible. Ongoing research and development continue to enhance the design and outcomes associated with this innovative device, further solidifying its role in the field of ophthalmology.