Bovine mastitis

Bovine mastitis is an inflammatory condition of the mammary gland (udder) in dairy cows. It is the most common disease in dairy cattle worldwide and has significant economic impact on the dairy industry due to reduced milk production, treatment costs, and premature culling.

Etiology

Bovine mastitis is caused by a variety of microorganisms, including bacteria, mycoplasma, and algae. The most common bacterial pathogens are Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus agalactiae. The disease can be classified as either contagious or environmental based on the source of the pathogen.

Clinical Signs

Clinical signs of bovine mastitis can range from mild to severe, depending on the causative agent and the cow's immune response. Symptoms may include swelling, heat, redness, and pain in the udder, as well as abnormal milk (e.g., watery, clotted, or discolored). In severe cases, systemic signs such as fever, loss of appetite, and lethargy may also be observed.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of bovine mastitis is typically based on clinical signs, milk sample analysis, and bacteriological culture. The California Mastitis Test (CMT) is a common screening tool used on farms to detect subclinical mastitis.

Treatment and Control

Treatment of bovine mastitis usually involves the use of antibiotics, either systemically or directly into the udder (intramammary infusion). Control measures include good milking hygiene, regular use of teat disinfectants, and culling of chronically infected cows.

Economic Impact

Bovine mastitis has a significant economic impact on the dairy industry due to reduced milk yield, lower milk quality, treatment costs, and premature culling. It is estimated that the disease costs the U.S. dairy industry over $2 billion annually.

See Also

• Dairy farming
• Mastitis in dairy cattle
• Udder health

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