Branchial cleft

Branchial cleft is a structure found in the embryonic development of both humans and other animals. It is also known as a pharyngeal cleft.

Overview

The branchial cleft is a part of the branchial apparatus, which also includes the branchial arches and branchial pouches. These structures play a crucial role in the development of the head and neck region in vertebrates. The term "branchial" is derived from the Greek word "branchia", which means gills, as these structures are reminiscent of the gill slits in fish and some amphibians.

Development

During the embryonic development, the branchial clefts form on the lateral sides of the neck region. In humans, there are usually four pairs of branchial clefts, numbered from one to four. The first branchial cleft develops into the external auditory canal, while the second, third, and fourth clefts typically obliterate during development. However, remnants of these clefts can sometimes persist, leading to branchial cleft anomalies.

Branchial cleft anomalies

Branchial cleft anomalies are a group of congenital disorders that result from the abnormal development of the branchial apparatus. These anomalies can present as cysts, sinuses, or fistulas in the neck region. They are usually diagnosed in childhood or early adulthood and can be treated with surgical removal.

See also

• Branchial arch
• Branchial pouch
• Pharyngeal arch