Brandenburg

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Burg eisenhardt torhaus und burgfried

Schlacht bei Fehrbellin2

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Potsdam Sanssouci Palace

Brandenburg superimposed on modern borders

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Glienicke Bridge GB23840

Brandenburg is one of the sixteen federal states of Germany, located in the northeast of the country. It surrounds the national capital and city-state of Berlin, and is part of the Metropolitan Region Berlin/Brandenburg. Brandenburg is notable for its flat landscape, part of the North European Plain, with many rivers and lakes, including the Havel and Spree rivers. The state's capital is Potsdam, which is known for its historical landmarks such as the Sanssouci Palace.

History

The history of Brandenburg can be traced back to the Slavic tribes that settled in the area during the early Middle Ages. It became a margraviate in 1157 under the rule of Albert the Bear, a member of the House of Ascania. Throughout the centuries, Brandenburg was under the control of the Holy Roman Empire, and later became the core of the Prussian state, which evolved into one of the most influential German states. After World War II, Brandenburg was part of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) until the reunification of Germany in 1990.

Geography

Brandenburg is characterized by its extensive natural landscapes, including the Spreewald; a biosphere reserve known for its traditional irrigation system, and the Brandenburg Gate (not to be confused with the famous landmark in Berlin). The state is predominantly flat, with the Fläming and the Ruppiner Schweiz being among the few hilly areas. Brandenburg's numerous lakes, such as the Scharmützelsee and the Großer Müggelsee, are popular destinations for recreation and tourism.

Economy

The economy of Brandenburg is diverse, with a strong focus on industry, renewable energy, and agriculture. The state has been successful in attracting investment in the renewable energy sector, particularly wind and solar power, making it a leader in Germany's energy transition. Additionally, Brandenburg is home to several large industrial areas, such as the Schwedt oil refinery and the Eisenhüttenstadt steelworks. Agriculture also plays a significant role, benefiting from the state's fertile soil and extensive land.

Culture

Brandenburg's culture is rich and varied, with a deep historical heritage that is reflected in its architecture, festivals, and arts. The state is home to several UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including the palaces and parks of Potsdam and Berlin. Brandenburg also celebrates a variety of festivals throughout the year, such as the Potsdam Palace Night and the Brandenburg Summer Concerts, showcasing the state's musical and cultural diversity.

Government

The government of Brandenburg operates under a parliamentary system, with the Landtag of Brandenburg serving as the state parliament. The Landtag is responsible for passing laws and electing the Minister-President, who heads the state government. Brandenburg's political landscape has been shaped by various parties, with the Social Democratic Party (SPD) and the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) being among the major players.

Education

Education in Brandenburg is overseen by the state government, with a system that provides for kindergarten, primary, and secondary education, as well as vocational and higher education. The state is home to several universities and colleges, including the University of Potsdam and the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, which offer a wide range of academic programs and contribute to research and development in the region.