Breast ironing

Breast ironing, also known as breast flattening, is a traditional practice found in some parts of Africa, particularly in Cameroon, where hot stones, hammers, or spatulas are used to press or massage the breasts of pubescent girls to prevent them from developing. This practice is carried out in the belief that it will delay the girls' development, protect them from sexual harassment and rape, and prevent early pregnancy that could tarnish the family name, as well as helping the girl to pursue education rather than being seen as ready for marriage.

Background

Breast ironing is most commonly practiced in Cameroon, with reports suggesting that up to one in four girls in the country have been subjected to this practice. It is also known to occur in Guinea-Bissau, Chad, Togo, Benin, and Guinea. The practice has been condemned by international human rights organizations and is considered a form of child abuse and gender violence.

Procedure

The process of breast ironing is typically carried out by the girl's mother or another female family member. The tools used for breast ironing, such as stones, wooden spatulas, or metal objects, are heated over coals before being applied to the breasts. The painful procedure is often repeated daily for weeks or even months. The goal is to flatten the breast tissue and prevent or reverse the development of the breasts.

Health Consequences

Breast ironing can have severe physical and psychological consequences. Physically, it can lead to burns, deformities, and abscesses in the breast tissue, as well as severe pain and discomfort. The practice can also have significant psychological effects, including trauma, depression, and a negative body image. There is also the risk of damaging the mammary gland, which can affect a woman's ability to breastfeed later in life.

Cultural Context

The practice of breast ironing is deeply rooted in the cultural context of the communities where it is practiced. It is often seen as a protective measure, aimed at helping girls avoid unwanted male attention, sexual assault, and early pregnancy. However, it reflects deeper issues of gender inequality and the control of women's bodies and sexuality.

Legal and Social Responses

There has been increasing awareness and condemnation of breast ironing in recent years. Some countries where the practice occurs have taken steps to outlaw it, and there are ongoing efforts by both local and international organizations to educate communities about the dangers of breast ironing and to promote the rights of girls and women. Despite these efforts, the practice persists, often due to deeply ingrained cultural beliefs and the lack of enforcement of existing laws.

See Also

• Female genital mutilation
• Child abuse
• Gender-based violence
• Human rights

This human rights related article is a stub.