Ethinylestradiol/norethisterone

Ethinylestradiol/norethisterone (EE/NET), also known as ethinyl estradiol and norethindrone, is a combination birth control pill that contains two types of hormones: an estrogen (ethinylestradiol) and a progestin (norethisterone). This combination is used to prevent pregnancy by inhibiting ovulation, thickening cervical mucus to prevent sperm from reaching the egg, and thinning the lining of the uterus to prevent a fertilized egg from implanting.

Pharmacology

Ethinylestradiol is a synthetic form of estrogen, a female sex hormone that regulates many processes in the body. It works by replacing the natural estrogen that the ovaries normally produce. Norethisterone is a synthetic form of progestin, another female hormone. It works by preventing the release of eggs from the ovaries (ovulation) and by changing the cervical mucus and the lining of the uterus.

Uses

EE/NET is primarily used as a contraceptive to prevent pregnancy. It may also be used to treat menstrual disorders, such as heavy or painful periods, premenstrual syndrome (PMS), and endometriosis. In addition, it can be used in hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for women going through menopause.

Side Effects

Common side effects of EE/NET include nausea, vomiting, headache, bloating, breast tenderness, and weight change. Serious side effects may include blood clots, stroke, and heart attack. Women who smoke, are over 35, or have certain health conditions are at a higher risk for these serious side effects.

Interactions

EE/NET can interact with a number of other medications, including certain antibiotics, antifungal medications, and antiviral medications for HIV/AIDS and hepatitis C. These interactions can decrease the effectiveness of EE/NET, potentially leading to pregnancy.

See Also

• Oral contraceptive pill
• Hormone replacement therapy
• Menstrual disorders
• Endometriosis