Buddhism in Taiwan

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臨濟護國禪寺大雄寶殿正面照

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Buddhism in Taiwan

Buddhism in Taiwan refers to the Buddhist religious practices, institutions, and communities on the island of Taiwan. Buddhism is one of the major religions in Taiwan, with a significant number of adherents and a rich history that has shaped the cultural and spiritual landscape of the island.

History

Buddhism was introduced to Taiwan during the Dutch Formosa period in the 17th century, but it was not until the Qing dynasty that it began to flourish. The arrival of Chinese immigrants from Fujian and Guangdong provinces brought various Buddhist traditions to Taiwan. During the Japanese rule of Taiwan (1895-1945), Japanese Buddhist schools also influenced the local practice.

After the Chinese Civil War, many Buddhist monks and scholars fled to Taiwan, bringing with them a wealth of knowledge and practices. This period saw the establishment of several important Buddhist institutions and the growth of the religion on the island.

Major Schools and Sects

Taiwanese Buddhism is diverse, with several major schools and sects represented:

• Chan Buddhism: Also known as Zen Buddhism, it emphasizes meditation and direct realization of the Buddha-nature.
• Pure Land Buddhism: Focuses on the chanting of the name of Amitabha Buddha and the aspiration to be reborn in the Pure Land.
• Tiantai: Known for its comprehensive doctrinal system and meditation practices.
• Vajrayana: Also known as Tibetan Buddhism, it incorporates esoteric practices and rituals.

Prominent Figures

Several prominent Buddhist figures have played a significant role in the development of Buddhism in Taiwan:

• Master Sheng Yen: Founder of the Dharma Drum Mountain.
• Master Hsing Yun: Founder of the Fo Guang Shan.
• Master Cheng Yen: Founder of the Tzu Chi Foundation.

Buddhist Institutions

Taiwan is home to numerous Buddhist temples, monasteries, and organizations. Some of the most notable include:

• Fo Guang Shan: One of the largest Buddhist organizations in Taiwan, known for its educational and cultural activities.
• Dharma Drum Mountain: Focuses on education, cultural preservation, and social welfare.
• Tzu Chi Foundation: A humanitarian organization that engages in disaster relief, medical care, and environmental protection.

Cultural Impact

Buddhism has had a profound impact on Taiwanese culture, influencing art, literature, and daily life. Buddhist festivals, such as Vesak and the Ghost Festival, are widely celebrated. Buddhist principles also play a role in shaping social values and ethical conduct.

Related Pages

• Religion in Taiwan
• Chinese Buddhism
• Japanese Buddhism
• Buddhism in China
• Buddhism in Japan