Buttons

Buttons are a small fastener, now most commonly made of plastic, but also frequently made of metal, wood, or seashell, which secures two pieces of fabric together. In archaeology, a button can be a significant artifact. In the applied arts and in craft, a button can be an example of folk art, studio craft, or even a miniature work of art. Buttons are most often attached to articles of clothing but can also be used on containers such as wallets and bags. However, buttons may be sewn onto garments and similar items exclusively for purposes of ornamentation.

History

Buttons have been used for thousands of years. The earliest buttons date to prehistoric times, and in the ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia, Rome, and Indus Valley, buttons served both functional and decorative purposes. The ancient Greeks and Romans used buttons made from seashell or metal. The development of the buttonhole in the 13th century in Europe marked the beginning of the button as a fastening device. By the 14th century, buttons had become decorative and were an indicator of wealth in society.

Types of Buttons

There are numerous types of buttons, serving different functions and styles. Some of the most common include:

• Flat or Sew-through Buttons: These have holes through which thread is sewn to attach the button.
• Shank Buttons: These have a hollow protrusion on the back through which thread is sewn, making them stand out from the fabric.
• Snap Buttons: These are pairs of interlocking discs, commonly used in place of buttons to fasten clothing and for similar purposes.
• Decorative Buttons: Made from a variety of materials for decorative purposes, often not functioning as fasteners.

Materials

Buttons are made from a wide range of materials, including:

• Plastic: The most common material for buttons today due to its versatility and low cost.
• Metal: Used for both functional and decorative buttons, metal buttons can be made from brass, bronze, silver, and gold.
• Wood: Often used for rustic or traditional styles of clothing.
• Seashell: Historically significant, seashell buttons are prized for their natural beauty.
• Glass: Glass buttons are often used as decorative elements on clothing.

Manufacturing

The manufacturing of buttons involves several steps, including designing, molding, dyeing, and polishing. The process varies significantly depending on the material being used. For example, plastic buttons are typically made using injection molding, while metal buttons might be stamped or cast.

Cultural Significance

Buttons have played various roles in culture and fashion throughout history. They can signify social status, military rank, and membership in organizations. In some cultures, buttons are used in rituals and ceremonies, such as in traditional Chinese weddings where buttons symbolize unity and connection.

Environmental Impact

The production and disposal of buttons, especially plastic ones, have environmental impacts. Efforts are being made to use sustainable materials and eco-friendly manufacturing processes to reduce these impacts.

See Also

• Clothing
• Fashion
• Sewing
• Textile arts