CCNL2

Ideogram human chromosome 1

CCNL2

CCNL2, also known as Cysteine-rich, angiogenic inducer 61 (Cyr61), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCNL2 gene. It is a member of the CCN family of extracellular matrix-associated signaling proteins. CCNL2 plays a crucial role in various cellular processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, and migration.

Structure

The CCNL2 protein consists of four distinct domains: an insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (IGFBP) domain, a von Willebrand factor type C (VWC) domain, a thrombospondin type 1 (TSP1) domain, and a cysteine knot domain. These domains enable CCNL2 to interact with various extracellular matrix components and cell surface receptors.

Function

CCNL2 is involved in mediating cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions by binding to integrins and heparan sulfate proteoglycans. It regulates multiple signaling pathways, including the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, the TGF-β pathway, and the NF-κB pathway. CCNL2 promotes angiogenesis, tissue repair, and inflammation by modulating the expression of various growth factors and cytokines.

Clinical Significance

Aberrant expression of CCNL2 has been associated with various diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and fibrotic conditions. In cancer, CCNL2 promotes tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis by enhancing angiogenesis and immune evasion. Targeting CCNL2 signaling pathways may offer therapeutic opportunities for treating these diseases.

Interactions

CCNL2 interacts with a wide range of proteins, including integrins, growth factors, cytokines, and transcription factors. These interactions modulate cellular responses to extracellular stimuli and regulate gene expression patterns. Understanding the molecular interactions of CCNL2 is essential for elucidating its physiological functions and pathological roles.