CD10
CD10, also known as neprilysin, is a zinc-dependent metalloprotease enzyme that is encoded by the MME gene in humans. It is a cell surface enzyme that plays a crucial role in the degradation of various bioactive peptides. CD10 is expressed in a variety of tissues and is involved in several physiological and pathological processes.
Structure and Function[edit | edit source]
CD10 is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein with a molecular weight of approximately 100 kDa. It consists of a short cytoplasmic tail, a single transmembrane domain, and a large extracellular domain that contains the active site. The enzyme requires zinc as a cofactor for its catalytic activity.
The primary function of CD10 is to cleave peptides at the amino side of hydrophobic residues, thereby inactivating them. This activity is important in the regulation of peptide hormones, such as enkephalins, natriuretic peptides, and bradykinin. By modulating the levels of these peptides, CD10 influences processes such as blood pressure regulation, pain perception, and inflammation.
Clinical Significance[edit | edit source]
CD10 is widely used as a biomarker in pathology due to its expression in various cell types and its involvement in different diseases. It is commonly used in the diagnosis and classification of lymphomas, particularly acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and Burkitt lymphoma. In these contexts, CD10 is often referred to as the "common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen" (CALLA).
In addition to its role in hematological malignancies, CD10 expression is also observed in certain carcinomas, such as breast cancer and prostate cancer. Its expression can be associated with tumor progression and prognosis.
Research and Therapeutic Implications[edit | edit source]
Given its role in peptide metabolism, CD10 is a target for therapeutic interventions in conditions such as heart failure and hypertension. Inhibitors of neprilysin, such as sacubitril, are used in combination with other drugs to enhance the effects of natriuretic peptides, thereby improving cardiovascular outcomes.
Also see[edit | edit source]
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