CD134

Protein TNFRSF4 PDB 2hev

CD134, also known as OX40, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNFRSF4 gene. This protein is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily, which is known for playing critical roles in regulating immune system responses, including inflammation, apoptosis, and cell proliferation.

Function

CD134 is primarily expressed on activated CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells, and its interaction with its ligand, OX40L (expressed on dendritic cells, B cells, and macrophages), is crucial for the generation of robust T cell-dependent immune responses. The engagement of CD134 with OX40L leads to the proliferation of T cells, survival, and memory T cell development. This interaction is also involved in the regulation of autoimmune diseases, making CD134 a potential target for therapeutic interventions in conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and asthma.

Clinical Significance

The role of CD134 in the immune system makes it a target for drug development, particularly in the fields of oncology and autoimmune diseases. Agonistic antibodies to CD134 are being explored as potential cancer immunotherapies, aiming to enhance anti-tumor T cell responses. Conversely, antagonistic approaches are being investigated for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, with the goal of dampening overactive immune responses.

Research

Research on CD134 is focused on understanding its role in the immune system and exploiting its potential in therapy. Studies have shown that targeting CD134 can enhance the efficacy of vaccines and improve the outcomes in models of cancer and chronic viral infections. Additionally, research into the mechanisms of CD134-mediated signaling pathways continues to provide insights into how the immune system balances responses to pathogens and self-tissues.

See Also

• Tumor necrosis factor receptor
• Immune system
• Autoimmune disease
• Cancer immunotherapy