CD28 family receptor

Activation of T and B cells

CD28 family receptor
Identifiers
Symbol	?

The CD28 family receptor is a group of cell surface receptors that play a crucial role in the regulation of the immune response. These receptors are primarily expressed on T cells and are involved in co-stimulation, a process that enhances the activation and proliferation of T cells.

Structure

Members of the CD28 family receptor share structural similarities, including an extracellular immunoglobulin-like domain, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic tail. The extracellular domain is responsible for ligand binding, while the cytoplasmic tail contains signaling motifs that mediate downstream signaling pathways.

Function

The CD28 family receptors are known for their role in T cell activation. Upon binding to their respective ligands, such as CD80 and CD86, these receptors provide a co-stimulatory signal that is essential for full T cell activation. This signal promotes T cell proliferation, cytokine production, and the development of effector functions.

Members

The CD28 family receptor includes several members, such as CD28, CTLA-4, ICOS, and PD-1. Each member has distinct functions and plays a specific role in regulating the immune response. For example, CTLA-4 acts as a negative regulator of T cell activation, while ICOS is involved in the generation of T follicular helper cells.

Clinical Significance

Dysregulation of the CD28 family receptors has been implicated in various immune-related disorders, including autoimmune diseases and cancer. Targeting these receptors has emerged as a promising strategy for immunotherapy, with several therapeutic agents designed to modulate their activity currently under investigation.

See also

• T cell receptor
• Co-stimulatory molecules
• Immune checkpoint inhibitors