CD 205

CD205 also known as DEC-205 or Lymphocyte antigen 75 (LY75), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LY75 gene. CD205 is a C-type lectin receptor that is predominantly expressed on dendritic cells (DCs). It plays a crucial role in the initiation and regulation of immune responses, making it a significant focus of research in immunology and vaccine development.

Function

CD205 is involved in antigen uptake and presentation. It is capable of binding to a variety of self and non-self antigens, facilitating their internalization and delivery to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II compartments for antigen presentation to T cells. This process is essential for the initiation of adaptive immune responses. Moreover, CD205 has been implicated in the induction of tolerance, particularly in the context of self-antigens, thereby contributing to the maintenance of immune homeostasis.

Expression

The expression of CD205 is primarily observed on dendritic cells, which are key players in the immune system, acting as a bridge between the innate and adaptive immune responses. However, its expression is not limited to DCs; it can also be found on certain types of macrophages and B cells, albeit at lower levels. The expression pattern of CD205 allows it to effectively perform its role in immune surveillance and response.

Clinical Significance

Given its role in antigen presentation and immune regulation, CD205 has been explored as a target for cancer immunotherapy. Strategies include the development of antibodies or constructs that can deliver antigens directly to CD205-expressing cells, thereby enhancing the immune system's ability to recognize and destroy cancer cells. Additionally, CD205 is being investigated in the context of autoimmune diseases and allergies, with the aim of developing therapies that can induce tolerance to specific antigens.

Research and Applications

Research on CD205 has led to the development of novel vaccines and immunotherapies. For example, targeting CD205 with antigen-conjugated antibodies has shown promise in enhancing the efficacy of vaccines by directing antigens specifically to dendritic cells for efficient presentation. This approach has potential applications in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, cancer, and autoimmune conditions.

See Also

• Dendritic cell
• Antigen presentation
• Major histocompatibility complex
• Immunotherapy
• Cancer vaccine