CLCA4

CLCA4 (Chloride Channel Accessory 4) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLCA4 gene. This gene is part of the CLCA gene family, which includes several genes encoding calcium-activated chloride channel regulators. These chloride channels are crucial for various physiological processes, including regulation of membrane potential, fluid secretion, and muscle contraction.

Function

The CLCA4 protein plays a significant role in the modulation of chloride channels. Although it does not form a channel by itself, it modifies the biophysical properties of the chloride channels and influences chloride transport across cell membranes. This activity is vital for maintaining proper chloride balance in cells, which is essential for normal cellular function in many tissues, including those in the lung, gastrointestinal tract, and muscles.

Gene and Expression

The CLCA4 gene is located on human chromosome 1, specifically at 1p22.3. It is expressed in various tissues, with significant levels found in the colon and lower levels in the lung and testis. The expression of CLCA4 has been studied in the context of several diseases, including cancer, where its expression levels can be significantly altered.

Clinical Significance

Research has suggested that CLCA4 may have a role in the development and progression of certain types of cancer, particularly colorectal cancer. Its expression is often downregulated in cancerous tissues, which could affect chloride transport and contribute to the pathological processes of cancer development. Furthermore, studies have indicated that restoring CLCA4 expression in cancer cells can suppress their malignant behavior, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target.

See Also

• Chloride channel
• Calcium-activated chloride channel
• Gene expression
• Colorectal cancer