CLEC4M

CLEC4M (C-type lectin domain family 4 member M), also known as L-SIGN (Liver/lymph node-specific intracellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing non-integrin), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLEC4M gene. This protein is a member of the DC-SIGN receptor family and plays a significant role in the immune system.

Function

CLEC4M is a type II transmembrane protein that is predominantly expressed in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and lymph node sinusoidal endothelial cells. It is involved in the innate immune response by recognizing many different pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi, and plays a role in the clearance of these pathogens from the body. CLEC4M is also involved in the process of antigen presentation to the immune system.

Structure

The CLEC4M protein consists of a C-type lectin domain (CTLD) at the C-terminus and a transmembrane domain. The CTLD is responsible for the recognition and binding of specific carbohydrate structures found on the surface of pathogens. The transmembrane domain anchors the protein in the cell membrane.

Clinical significance

CLEC4M has been implicated in several diseases, including viral infections such as HIV and SARS-CoV. It has been shown to act as a receptor for these viruses, facilitating their entry into cells. Variations in the CLEC4M gene have been associated with susceptibility to these infections.

Research

Research is ongoing to understand the role of CLEC4M in disease and to develop potential therapies targeting this protein. For example, blocking the interaction between CLEC4M and viruses could be a strategy to prevent viral infections.

See also

• C-type lectin
• DC-SIGN
• Antigen presentation
• HIV
• SARS-CoV