Cadency

CadencyMarksMale

Lambel

Croissant d or

Ginboshi (No background and black color drawing)

MartletSable (English)

Cadency in heraldry refers to the system of heraldic symbols used to differentiate the arms of members of the same family, especially across generations. The practice of cadency allows members of an extended family to bear arms that are both individual and yet recognizably linked to their shared heritage. This article will explore the origins, methods, and examples of cadency in heraldic tradition.

Origins of Cadency

The practice of cadency dates back to the medieval period, when the need arose to distinguish the arms of younger siblings and descendants from the coat of arms of the family head. As heraldry became more systematized, various methods of cadency were developed in different heraldic traditions.

Methods of Cadency

The methods of indicating cadency vary by country and tradition, but some common elements are widely recognized. These include the use of labels, bordures, and specific charges known as differences or marks of cadency.

English Heraldry

In English heraldry, the system of cadency involves the use of nine traditional marks of cadency called "differences". These are assigned to sons in the order of their birth:

1. The label for the first son
2. The crescent for the second son
3. The mullet (star) for the third son
4. The martlet for the fourth son
5. The annulet for the fifth son
6. The fleur-de-lis for the sixth son
7. The rose for the seventh son
8. The cross moline for the eighth son
9. The double quatrefoil for the ninth son

Scottish Heraldry

Scottish heraldry has a similar system of cadency called "differencing". However, it often employs a more varied range of symbols and sometimes changes the shape or color of the shield itself.

Continental Heraldry

In many continental European heraldic traditions, cadency is less systematically applied, and differences are often more personalized. This can include changing the colors of the arms or adding or modifying charges.

Cadency and Daughters

Traditionally, heraldry has focused on the transmission of arms from father to son. However, daughters can also bear arms in their own right, often impaled with their husband's arms upon marriage. The rules for cadency for daughters vary and are less standardized than for sons.

Modern Use of Cadency

In the modern era, the strict rules of cadency are less commonly observed, especially outside of formal heraldic authorities. However, the principles of cadency still influence the design of new coats of arms and the modification of existing ones to reflect family relationships.

Examples of Cadency

One famous example of cadency is the use of labels by the British Royal Family to differentiate the arms of princes and princesses from the Royal Arms. For instance, the Prince of Wales bears the royal arms with a white label of three points.

Conclusion

Cadency remains a fascinating aspect of heraldic tradition, reflecting the complex interplay of family, lineage, and identity. Through the use of various symbols and modifications, cadency allows for the personalization of heraldic arms while maintaining a connection to familial heritage.