Cadwallader Colden

Cadwallader Colden (February 7, 1688 – September 20, 1776) was a Scottish physician, scientist, and lieutenant governor of New York in the 18th century. Born in Scotland, Colden emigrated to America in 1710 and became a prominent figure in the intellectual and political life of the province of New York. He was known for his contributions to botany, medicine, and the study of Native American culture. Colden was also a prolific writer, with works ranging from scientific treatises to historical accounts.

Early Life and Education

Cadwallader Colden was born in Dunse, Scotland, to a family of moderate social standing. He attended the University of Edinburgh, where he studied medicine and mathematics. After completing his education, Colden moved to London, where he became acquainted with several prominent scientists and intellectuals of the time.

Emigration to America

In 1710, Colden emigrated to America, initially settling in Philadelphia before moving to New York. He acquired a large tract of land in the Hudson Valley, where he devoted himself to farming, scientific research, and writing. Colden's interests were wide-ranging, and he made significant contributions to several fields of study.

Contributions to Science and Medicine

Colden was deeply interested in the natural sciences, particularly botany. He is credited with writing one of the earliest American treatises on botany, "The History of the Five Indian Nations," which was also one of the first works to describe the flora of New York. His work in botany was recognized by Carl Linnaeus, the father of modern taxonomy, who corresponded with Colden and named a genus of flowering plants, Coldenia, in his honor.

In addition to his botanical research, Colden made contributions to the field of medicine. He was an advocate for the use of inoculation against smallpox, a controversial stance at the time, which he defended through his writings and correspondence.

Political Career

Colden's intellectual achievements brought him to the attention of the colonial authorities, and he held several public offices throughout his life. He served as the Surveyor General of New York, a position that allowed him to apply his scientific knowledge to practical problems. In 1761, he was appointed lieutenant governor of New York, a position he held until his death in 1776. During his tenure, Colden faced several challenges, including conflicts with the colonial assembly and the onset of the American Revolution.

Legacy

Cadwallader Colden's legacy is that of a polymath who contributed to the intellectual and political life of colonial America. His work in botany and medicine, as well as his efforts to understand and document Native American culture, have left a lasting impact. Colden Manor, his home in the Hudson Valley, remains a testament to his life and work.

See Also

• History of New York
• Colonial America
• Botany in the 18th Century