Calbindin 1

Calbindin 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CALB1 gene. It is a member of the troponin C superfamily of calcium-binding proteins, and it plays a crucial role in maintaining calcium homeostasis within cells, particularly neurons.

Structure

Calbindin 1 is a small, acidic protein with a molecular weight of approximately 28 kDa. It contains four EF-hand calcium-binding motifs, two of which are functional and bind calcium with high affinity. The protein is highly conserved among vertebrates, suggesting its importance in cellular function.

Function

Calbindin 1 is primarily found in the brain and sensory neurons, where it acts as a buffer and sensor for intracellular calcium. By binding to calcium ions, it prevents sudden increases in calcium concentration that could potentially be toxic to the cell. In addition to its buffering role, calbindin 1 also participates in the regulation of neuronal excitability and synaptic plasticity, and it may be involved in the process of long-term potentiation.

Clinical significance

Alterations in the expression of calbindin 1 have been associated with various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and schizophrenia. In Alzheimer's disease, for example, a decrease in calbindin 1 levels has been observed in certain regions of the brain, which may contribute to the neuronal degeneration characteristic of this condition.

See also

• Calbindin
• Calcium-binding protein
• Neurodegeneration