Callithrix

Common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)

Sagui Tufos Pretos (Callithrix penicillata)

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Callithrix kuhlii 2

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Callithrix flaviceps 2

Callithrix is a genus of New World monkeys of the family Callitrichidae, which includes species commonly known as marmosets. These small primates are native to South America, particularly the rainforests of Brazil. The genus Callithrix is characterized by its small size, soft and silky fur, and a tail that is longer than its body. Marmosets are also known for their complex vocalizations and social behaviors.

Description

Members of the genus Callithrix are among the smallest primates, with body lengths ranging from 18 to 30 cm (7.1 to 11.8 inches), excluding their long tails which can be as long as 35 cm (13.8 inches). They have claw-like nails, known as tegulae, unlike the flat nails found in most other primates. This adaptation allows them to cling to tree trunks and branches, aiding in their arboreal lifestyle. Their diet is varied and includes insects, fruit, tree sap, and small vertebrates.

Habitat and Distribution

Callithrix marmosets are primarily found in the Atlantic forest of eastern Brazil, but their range also extends into the Amazon basin and other forested areas of South America. They are highly adaptable and can live in a variety of forested habitats, from dense tropical rainforests to more open wooded areas.

Behavior and Social Structure

Marmosets are known for their complex social structures and behaviors. They typically live in family groups of 4 to 15 individuals, with a dominant breeding pair that monopolizes reproduction. Other group members, including offspring from previous litters, assist in the care of the young. This cooperative breeding system is relatively rare among primates and is a key aspect of marmoset social behavior.

Communication among Callithrix marmosets involves a range of vocalizations, facial expressions, and body postures. Vocal communication is particularly important for maintaining group cohesion and territory defense.

Reproduction

The breeding pair within a Callithrix group can produce twins twice a year, which is unusual among primates. The high reproductive rate is facilitated by the cooperative care of the offspring by other group members. Gestation lasts approximately 144 days, and the young are weaned by 2 months of age but remain dependent on adult care for several months.

Conservation

Some species within the genus Callithrix are considered to be at risk due to habitat destruction and the pet trade. Deforestation and fragmentation of their natural habitats pose significant threats to their survival. Conservation efforts are focused on habitat preservation and the enforcement of laws against illegal pet trade.

Classification

The genus Callithrix includes several species, some of which are:

• Callithrix jacchus - Common marmoset
• Callithrix penicillata - Black-tufted marmoset
• Callithrix geoffroyi - Geoffroy's marmoset
• Callithrix aurita - Buffy-tufted-ear marmoset
• Callithrix flaviceps - Buffy-headed marmoset

See Also

• Primate
• New World monkeys
• Callitrichidae