Calochortus

Calochortus catalinae

Calochortus clavatus

Calochortus eurycarpus

Calochortus flexuosus 1

Calochortus gunnisonii gunnisonii crop

Calochortus is a genus of flowering plants in the Liliaceae family, which is known for its diverse and colorful species often referred to as mariposa lilies or globe tulips. The genus name Calochortus is derived from the Greek words kalos (beautiful) and chortos (grass), highlighting the attractive nature of these plants and their grass-like leaves. Native primarily to the western United States and Mexico, the genus encompasses a variety of habitats, from grasslands to forests and alpine zones.

Description

Calochortus species are perennial bulbs, which exhibit a wide range of flower colors and patterns. The flowers are typically large and showy, with three petals and three sepals, which in many species are similar in appearance to the petals. The petals often have a distinct spot or gland at the base, which is a key identifying feature. The leaves are generally narrow and grass-like, and the plants can vary significantly in height depending on the species.

Ecology

Calochortus species play a significant role in their ecosystems, providing nectar and pollen for a variety of pollinators, including bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds. The timing of their blooming often coincides with the specific pollinators' activity periods. Some species are adapted to specific ecological niches, with certain species thriving in wet environments and others in dry, arid conditions.

Cultivation

In horticulture, Calochortus species are valued for their ornamental beauty and are cultivated in gardens and landscapes. They require well-drained soils and a period of dormancy, which is typically induced by a dry season. While some species are relatively easy to grow, others are more challenging and require specific conditions to thrive. Gardeners often grow them in rock gardens, borders, or as container plants to meet their specific cultural needs.

Conservation

Several Calochortus species are considered endangered or threatened due to habitat loss, overgrazing, and other environmental pressures. Conservation efforts are in place to protect these species in their natural habitats and through ex-situ conservation methods such as seed banks and botanical gardens.

Species

The genus Calochortus includes a wide range of species, each with its unique characteristics. Some notable species include:

• Calochortus luteus - Yellow mariposa lily
• Calochortus superbus - Superb mariposa lily
• Calochortus gunnisonii - Gunnison's mariposa lily
• Calochortus catalinae - Santa Catalina mariposa lily

See also

• Liliaceae
• Flora of the Western United States
• Endangered species