Camassia

Camassia

Camassia cusickii flowers

Camassia is a genus of plants in the family Asparagaceae, native to North America. These perennial plants are known for their striking blue to purple flowers and are commonly referred to as "camas" or "quamash." They are found in moist meadows and grasslands, often in areas with seasonal flooding.

Description

Camassia species are herbaceous perennials that grow from bulbs. The plants typically reach heights of 30 to 130 cm. The leaves are basal, linear, and grass-like, emerging in early spring. The flowers are borne on erect racemes and are star-shaped, with six tepals that can be blue, purple, or white.

The bulbs of Camassia are edible and were an important food source for Native American tribes. They are rich in carbohydrates and were traditionally harvested in the spring or early summer.

Species

There are several species within the genus Camassia, including:

• Camassia quamash – Commonly known as common camas or small camas, this species is widespread across the western United States and Canada.
• Camassia leichtlinii – Known as great camas, it is found in the Pacific Northwest.
• Camassia cusickii – Native to the mountains of eastern Oregon and western Idaho.

Habitat and Distribution

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Camassia quamash at Leavenworth Ski Hill

Camassia species are typically found in moist, open areas such as meadows, grasslands, and along stream banks. They thrive in areas with wet winters and dry summers, often in regions with a Mediterranean climate.

The range of Camassia extends from British Columbia in Canada southward through the western United States, including states such as Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and California.

Ecological Importance

Camassia plants play a significant role in their ecosystems. They provide nectar for pollinators such as bees and butterflies. The bulbs are also a food source for various animals, including rodents and bears.

Cultural Significance

Camassia quamash in bloom

The bulbs of Camassia were a staple food for many Native American tribes, including the Nez Perce, Yakama, and Coast Salish. The bulbs were traditionally cooked in earth ovens to convert the inulin into fructose, making them sweet and digestible.

Cultivation

Camassia species are popular in horticulture for their attractive flowers and adaptability to garden conditions. They prefer well-drained soil and full sun to partial shade. Camassia can be propagated by seed or by dividing the bulbs.

Related Pages

• Asparagaceae
• Perennial plant
• Native American cuisine